What can cause damage to three-phase induction motors in a power distribution system?

Loss of voltage can indeed cause significant damage to three-phase induction motors in a power distribution system. When there is a loss of voltage, the motor may experience inadequate power supply, leading to several problems.

One major issue is that the motor may not start or may stall if the voltage drops below a certain level. In this condition, the motor can overheat due to the inability to produce enough torque to overcome friction and load. This overheating can damage the insulation in the windings, leading to short circuits or complete motor failure.

Additionally, a loss of voltage can cause excessive vibration if the motor experiences uneven phase loading due to reduced power in one or more of the phases. This can lead to mechanical stress and eventual mechanical failure.

While excess voltage, overcurrent conditions, and environmental factors can also cause damage to motors, loss of voltage primarily creates immediate operational challenges that can lead to overheating and damage if not addressed promptly.