What is the term for distortion caused by multiple frequencies in output?

Harmonic distortion refers specifically to the distortion that occurs in a signal when multiple frequencies—specifically, harmonics—are present in the output. This phenomenon typically arises when non-linear behavior occurs within electrical systems, leading to the generation of unwanted harmonic frequencies that can affect the original signal. Under ideal conditions, a signal would maintain its original shape and frequency, but when harmonics are introduced, they can cause deviations from this intended waveform.

In many contexts, particularly in audio and power systems, harmonic distortion is critically important as it can result in inefficiencies, increased heat generation, and the potential for equipment damage. Recognizing and controlling harmonic distortion is essential for ensuring that electrical systems operate reliably and efficiently, making the understanding of this term particularly relevant to advanced electrical studies.

The other options do not accurately describe this specific type of distortion. Phase distortion relates to shifts in the timing of signal components rather than additional frequencies. Voltage fluctuation refers to variations in voltage levels that do not necessarily involve the introduction of multiple frequencies. Signal interference generally describes problems caused by overlapping signals rather than distortion caused by harmonic frequencies.