What process involves achieving compatibility of voltage, frequency, waveform, and phase angle of independent power sources?

Achieving compatibility of voltage, frequency, waveform, and phase angle of independent power sources is a fundamental process known as synchronization. This is essential in power systems where multiple power sources, like generators or inverters, are interconnected and need to operate in unison to ensure stable and reliable power delivery.

When synchronizing, each independent power source must have matching electrical characteristics to avoid disruptions or damage to equipment. If generators do not synchronize properly, it can lead to phase misalignment, which may cause electrical imbalances and result in inefficiencies or even serious operational issues.

In contrast, grouping generally refers to the arrangement or organization of components without necessarily addressing their operational compatibility regarding electrical characteristics. Calibration involves adjusting and fine-tuning instruments to meet specific standards or measurements but does not align multiple power sources. Conversion refers to changing one form of energy into another, such as AC to DC, and does not inherently involve matching the conditions between different power sources.

Thus, synchronization is the precise activity that ensures multiple power sources can effectively work together by aligning their electrical properties, making it the correct answer.