What type of protection must be provided for onboard power sources intended for parallel operation concerning voltage?

For onboard power sources that are intended for parallel operation, under and over voltage protection is crucial to ensure the safety and longevity of the equipment involved. When multiple power sources are operated in parallel, maintaining a stable and consistent voltage is essential to prevent damage to the systems and guarantee that they function effectively together.

Under voltage protection safeguards against conditions where the voltage falls below a critical level, which can lead to insufficient power supply to connected systems and potential malfunctions. Conversely, over voltage protection prevents the voltage from exceeding safe limits, which can cause overheating, insulation breakdown, or even catastrophic failure of electrical components.

By implementing these protective measures, operators can enhance reliability and operational safety for all systems running in parallel. This aspect is particularly important in marine applications, where power supply stability is essential for various onboard systems, including navigation and communication equipment.