What type of transformer is required to isolate AC system conductors from shore power supply conductors?

An isolation transformer is specifically designed to separate or isolate different electrical circuits while allowing AC power to be transferred. Its primary function is to provide electrical isolation between the shore power supply and the onboard AC system. This isolation helps protect the onboard system from potential faults, provides safety by preventing the flow of electrical current back to the source, and minimizes the risk of electric shock to personnel.

Isolation transformers enhance safety by eliminating the direct electrical connection between the two systems, which reduces the risk of ground loops and interference. By isolating these systems, it ensures that any faults in the onboard electrical system do not affect the shore power or the source of electricity, protecting both the boat and the shore infrastructure.

Step-down transformers reduce voltage from a higher level to a lower level but do not provide electrical isolation. Step-up transformers increase voltage from a lower level to a higher level, also lacking the necessary isolation features. Power transformers are more general-purpose and usually do not provide the specific isolation required for safety in marine applications. Thus, the isolation transformer is the appropriate choice for this scenario.